197 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Compensation
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
demands Hypoxemia - low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
+ (↑ pH) • ↓ PCO2 ... tissue): • ↑ H+ (Acid ... ) • ↑ PCO2 • ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Acid Base and Blood ... 2. pCO2 - What’s ... the pCO2? ... Medications, Central, ↑ CO2 ... acidbase #workup #algorithm
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Utilizing Uric Acid ... - Low Uric Acid ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... nephrology #sodium #low
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... - Urine sodium low ... , uric acid high ... low in euvolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Tubular Poisons (Low ... like lactic acid ... and keto-acids) ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... : • Low CO2 = ... = dilated BV = raises ... and via lactic acid ... Pressure #ICP #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... : Low intake • ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology