157 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Compensation
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
stagnant hypoxia (e.g low ... cardiac output) - Low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Acid Base and Blood ... 2. pCO2 - What’s ... the pCO2? ... Medications, Central, ↑ CO2 ... acidbase #workup #algorithm
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Utilizing Uric Acid ... - Low Uric Acid ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... nephrology #sodium #low
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... - Urine sodium low ... , uric acid high ... low in euvolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... : Low intake • ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
to filter uric acid ... Tubular Poisons (Low ... like lactic acid ... and keto-acids) ... Release of purine bases
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... 7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of stones Uric Acid ... solubility: • Low ... #Causes