63 results
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Inflammatory and Autoimmune ... lupus erythematosus ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Warm Antibody Autoimmune ... • Blood smear: Differential ... Warm #Antibody #Autoimmune ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #rheumatology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Cold Agglutinin Disease ... Diagnosis #Table #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... #AIHA #Treatment ... #management #hematology
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Positive ANA ≠ Autoimmune ... Disorders, Infection, Autoimmune ... Thyroid, Autoimmune ... ANA #patterns #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #differential
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... MCV #Algorithm #Differential ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
- Hemolytic anemia ... (aPL) 30-45% Differential ... auto-immune, Infectious diseases ... sclerosis, Still's disease ... #rheumatology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
permanent alopecia Differential ... • Non-autoimmune ... rheumatologic diseases ... deficiencies • Autoimmune ... • Anemia of inflammation