32 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... anemia): ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Warm Antibody Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemia ... type ± C3d • Blood ... 2) LOOK FOR a cause ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... Microspherocytes: Autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Causes of Extravascular ... Cold AIHA • Alloimmune ... • PCH • PNH ... anemia • ... #Hematology
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Hypersplenism • Secondary ... Bleed • Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... malignancies • Anemia ... iron deficiency, hemolysis ... disorders (e.g. autoimmune ... #hematology #secondary
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
-100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... PK, HbC, HbSS, PNH ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell ( ... disease, McLeod blood ... hemolytic anemia ... hemolytic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Water - Pus ... - Blood • Pleura ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
AIHA Primary Secondary ... Viral infection, autoimmune ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... sensitize red blood ... #anemia #hematology