19 results
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Pathophysiology - Warm vs Cold AIHA
Warm AIHA:
 - 70%; IgG mediated
 -
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... - Warm vs Cold ... or negative - Smear ... : spherocytes Cold ... #diagnosis #hematology
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood Smear ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... Peripheral #Blood #Smear ... #Analysis #hematology ... #microscopy #interpretation
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... anemia): ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Causes of Extravascular ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... • PCH • PNH ... anemia • ... #Hematology
Peripheral blood findings in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.  DIC is a clinical and laboratory diagnosis, not
anemia. ... arrow) Peripheral smear ... #anemia #Hematology ... #Pathology #Smear ... #Microscopy
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Asthma - COPD ... - Water - Pus ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia
Leukoerythroblastosis and myelophthisic anemia can be associated with any marrow-replacing process. In this case, the likely
myelophthisic anemia ... In this case, the ... Leukoerythroblastosis #Hematology ... #Pathology #Smear ... #Microscopy #Clinical
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... anemiaCold ... IgM) • Blood smear ... disease (younger pts ... #anemia #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Autoimmune: Warm AIHA, Cold ... Liver Disease, PNH ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Peripheral Blood Smear ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Diagnosis for Hemolytic ... Anemia Intrinsic ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... #Anemia #Differential ... classification #hematology