82 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
peripheral blood smear ... extramedullary disease ... • Peripheral smear ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... IgM) • Blood smear ... Polyclonal IgM post ... malignancies -> CLL ... hemolytic #anemia #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
: • Most common ... weeks without infection ... Diagnosis: • ... • Peripheral smear ... cells can indicate disease
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... #hematology #anemia
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
- Differential Diagnosis ... Peripheral Smear ... Vasculitides, IBD, Celiac disease ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... Internal (RBC) - Infections ... Defects: Sickle cell ... Peripheral Blood Smear ... #hematology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
to impaired B-cell ... other cancers: Most ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome ... #diagnosis #management
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
lymphoma, B-cell ... • Autoimmune diseases ... Adult-onset Still disease ... chemotherapy, anti-CD20 (PTLD ... #management #treatment
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Bacteremic spread of the Gram-negative diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae. History
Management Summary ... Purulent Arthritis Syndrome ... : • Most patients ... #Management #Microbiology ... #InfectiousDiseases
Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Infection: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Abscess, Endocarditis,
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Infection: ... Lemierre's syndrome ... tumors: Renal cell ... arteritis is prob the most