63 results
diagnosis signs endocrinology differential management primary causes complications cppd hypercalcemia hypocalcemia msk syndrome algorithm neurology ophthalmology pseudogout rheumatology ankylosingspondylitis chondrocalcinosis
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown - Familial
production - Hyperparathyroidism ... Incr levels of parathyroid ... Pseudogout #CPPD #Disease ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Chronic kidney disease ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
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 Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... ) Parathyroid hormone–independent ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid ... Granulomatous disease ... Other endocrine diseases
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 Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm High or Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... : Parathyroid adenoma ... Skeletal metastatic disease ... disorders, Paget's disease ... Granulomatous diseases
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... Hyperthyroidism • Paget's disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary Lab Comparison: • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of Primary hyperparathyroidism #Pathophysiology #PrimaryHyperparathyroidism #Parathyroid gland #Hyperparathyroidism
The pathophysiology ... of Primary hyperparathyroidism ... #Pathophysiology ... PrimaryHyperparathyroidism #Parathyroid ... gland #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... Destruction of parathyroid ... , infiltrative disease
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
of renal bone disease ... for secondary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology ... #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism
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 Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL) Neuromuscular manifestations • Tremor, tetany, seizures • Weakness
Hypocalcemia • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs #Symptoms
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