161 results
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
LOW PHOSPHATE ... NormaI PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Resistance (Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
Effects of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin on Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

#Parathyroid #hormone #PTH #Calcitonin #phosphate
Effects of Parathyroid ... on Calcium and Phosphate ... Metabolism #Parathyroid ... PTH #Calcitonin #phosphate
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism ... , ↑Vitamin D, ↓Phosphate ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... ↓Vitamin D, ↑↓Phosphate ... , ↓Vitamin D, ↑Phosphate
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
for secondary hyperparathyroidism ... Phosphate binders ... hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism ... Calcium-containing phosphate ... hypocalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... adenoma • Parathyroid ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism ... type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... ) Parathyroid hormone–independent ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid
Hypophosphatemia - Measurement of urine phosphate excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • GI loss
 • Redistribution
Measurement of urine phosphate ... Redistribution • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... urine #urinary #phosphate
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... : Parathyroid adenoma ... , Parathyroid hyperplasia ... , Parathyroid carcinoma ... nephrology #PTH #parathyroid
Radial Fracture Due to Parathyroid Carcinoma- ...A plain radiograph of the left arm showed a diaphyseal
Fracture Due to Parathyroid ... diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism ... with an intact parathyroid ... cause of primary hyperparathyroidism ... radial #fracture #hyperparathyroidism