359 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
High or Normal PTH ... Low PTH: • High ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Neoplasias (MEN syndromes ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... • Possible ZE syndrome ... Various Pituitary path ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... and Management PTH ... Formation: Hungy Bone Syndrome ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... Signaling #Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... Phosphate, Low PTH ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... @aishaikh #Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... : • Familial hypercalcemic ... calcium)-alkali syndrome
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH ... hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related ... Pathophys #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH ... #Hypercalcemia #
#Diagnosis #Differential #Hypercalcemia #PTH #Differential #Algorithm
#Differential #Hypercalcemia ... #PTH #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Other Familial Hypercalcemias ... Malignancy • PTH-Related