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differential algorithm causes management hypokalemia hyponatremia low hyperkalemia hypernatremia kidney metabolic treatment high syndrome acidosis aki alkalosis framework gitelman hypomagnesemia
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... (if preserved renal ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... #algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
General approach to AKI - Checklist Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
believed that urine sodium ... fractional excretion of sodium ... and intrinsic renal ... performance for diagnosing ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential Diagnosis ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential Diagnosis ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
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