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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia hypokalemia management alkalosis chloride classes conversion diuretics druginduced gitelman impaired k kidney loop medications metabolic nephrolithiasis
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
retrieve stone using urine ... Recurrence: • For ALL ... Protein diet - Urine ... Protein diet - Urine ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
LiCl use The urine ... Urine chloride is ... settings, the urine ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... Piretanide Potassium ... #Diuretics #Pharmacology ... #nephrology #conversion
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Cl; • ... Laxative: urine ... urine Cl; • ... correcting serum potassium ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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