28 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... , proteinuria suggest ... intrinsic renal disease ... #EM #IM #Urology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #Workup #urology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... of glomerular disease ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... PCR 50% sensitive ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Minimal change disease ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
of glomerular disease ... (hematuria, proteinuria ... staining on IF • No EM ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... cluster, the diseases ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... Hematuria may be ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Dyspnea, Fever, Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis ... • Urinalysis (proteinuria ... anti-ANCA ab, anti-GBM ... #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
, +/- proteinuria ... (Dense deposit disease ... immune deposits on EM ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal