12 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #blood #urine
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... , mild tubular proteinuria ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... - Proteinuria ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... ANCA, ANA, Anti-GBM ... #nephrology #causes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... require urgent nephrology ... isotonic fluids (NS ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... Hematuria may be ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
EGPA) • Renal: (AKI ... , proteinuria, hematuria ... antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... reveals increasing blood
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... virus • CMV • EBV ... Symptoms: • Acute ... established by CSF or urine ... #neurology #meningitis