12 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine can induce color ... basement membrane disease ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... of glomerular disease ... #urology #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach to Acute ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... , mild tubular proteinuria ... MatthewHoMD #Acute ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
of glomerular disease ... (hematuria, proteinuria ... proliferation in ... immune deposits in ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... cluster, the diseases ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... Hematuria may be ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Urine Color - Differential ... Hyperoxalirua, Heavy Proteinuria ... Urine: • Hartnup disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteins, documenting proteinuria ... as a disease state ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis ... #glucosuria #hematuria
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... (often form an ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
virus • CMV • EBV ... Photophobia • Nausea ... , photophobia, nausea ... Symptoms: • Acute ... differential #diagnosis #neurology