21 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... and/or proteinuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- ++++ Hematuria ... - ++ Hematuria ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
suggests calculi/infection ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... , proteinuria suggest ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
deposits - Post-infectious ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... Bladder Causes ... • Infection (Viral ... #urology #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... proliferative • Anti-GBM ... HSP • Post-infectious ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
glomerular disease (hematuria ... , proteinuria) ... cryoglobulinemia, post-infectious ... Basement Membrane (GBM ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Generalized Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"l feel weak":
 • Infectious: Influenza, EBV, PNA, Bacteremia, Sepsis
 •
feel weak": • Infectious ... : Influenza, EBV ... ↓, Malignancy, Infection ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... splenomegaly Other infections ... multiple lesions Infectious ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology