12 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... • Signs of glomerular ... - Proteinuria ... #urology #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
and/or proteinuria ... the patient have glomerular ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Drugs Glomerular ... proliferative • Anti-GBM ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... because nephritic urine ... Hematuria may be ... #syndrome #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
ANCA, ANA, Anti-GBM ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... formation along glomerular ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
EGPA) • Renal: (AKI ... , proteinuria, hematuria ... antibody • Urine ... Goodpasture's cause ... hypercellular glomeruli
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology