21 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
ileal conduit - Medications ... myeloma, CML, AML ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
AACE/ACE 2016 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Treatment Algorithm

Evaluate for causes of secondary osteoporosis

Correct calcium/vitamin D deficiency and address
AACE/ACE 2016 Postmenopausal ... calcium/vitamin D deficiency ... • Recommend pharmacologic ... benefits and risks of medications
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... and iron release Diagnosis ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... #heartfailure #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... (CHF) Iron deficiency ... Exercise capacity Diagnosis ... #Failure #CHF #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Protein S deficiency ... considered in all ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... Medications 2. ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... Medications 2. ... #differential #diagnosis
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Pathophysiology ... • Severe iron deficiency ... • Mitchell et al ... #Pathophysiology
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
40% of patients diagnosed ... Inability to produce all ... antibodies) -> Complete deficiency ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology