9 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... • Inhibit Na+K+ ... Piretanide Potassium ... nephrology #conversion
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Na+K+ ... 2Cl- Symport (Loop ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
NSAIDs, β-blockers, Antibiotics ... , K-sparing diuretics ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
complications such as ... treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #nephrology #low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... failure (uremia) K ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
healthy individuals has ... prostaglandins serves as ... hormones that act ... retention of Na, K ... #nephrology #pharmacology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology