51 results
diagnosis differential causes hyperkalemia algorithm management nephrology high treatment hypokalemia pharmacology cardiology acl injury msk sports classification clinical dissociation knee
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic
Pivot-Shift Test ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PivotShift #test
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 Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... nephrology #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... Hyperkalemia #management #potassium
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower: • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts ... adapt to excess potassium ... excretion, increased potassium
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 Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e. increased
Curve Left Shift ... Hypophosphatæmia Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift
Normal (Negative) Pivot-Shift Test for ACL Knee Injury Andrew Dold, MD @dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift #PivotShift #test #ACL #Knee
Negative) Pivot-Shift ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PivotShift #test
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