42 results
diagnosis differential causes hyperkalemia algorithm management nephrology treatment clinical hematology hypokalemia injury msk pharmacology physicalexam sports knee pivot pulmonary test
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic
Pivot-Shift Test ... in ACL-deficient ... be performing a high-tibial ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PivotShift #test
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 Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Increased EC shift ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Normal (Negative) Pivot-Shift Test for ACL Knee Injury Andrew Dold, MD @dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift #PivotShift #test #ACL #Knee
Negative) Pivot-Shift ... Test for ACL Knee ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury
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 Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower: • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... ↑ 2,3-BPG • High ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High ... Al, Low R - Primary ... aldosteronism • High ... Al, High R - Secondary ... #causes #low #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... mmol creatinine) High ... Urine Cl - Loop ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #hyperkalemia #potassium ... #high #diagnosis
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