19 results
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
and Pathophysiology ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... , in states of hypokalemia ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... : • Digoxin ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... : • Digoxin ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia ... TTKG should be high ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... ↑ 2,3-BPG • High ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #respiratory
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... , asystole #hyperkalemia ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm
 • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation
 • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... and parenteral potassium ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... Algorithm #treatment #potassium ... #high
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium