11 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #high #nephrology
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script
 • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
and menses • Pathophysiology ... thyroid hormone • Symptoms ... Labs/lmaging: Hypokalemia ... • Treatment: Potassium ... hyperthyroidism, Potassium
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Diagnosis Framework High ... • High-altitude ... pulmonary edema ... : The shift of fluid ... Edema: • Pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... , and CXR with pulmonary ... edema) • Fever
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... , Diaphoresis, Pulmonary ... edema, Shock Labs ... Respiratory Alkalosis, High ... Lactate, Low Potassium
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- CHF - Pulmonary ... Edema - Cardiac ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high ... • Increases Edema
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... • Attempt if high ... myalgias, HoTN, edema ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Loss of sodium/Potassium ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Syncope • Signs/Symptoms ... High body temperatures ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia