33 results
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... Summary Mechanisms ... agent • Does not cause ... Contraindications: • Chronic ... diabetes #endocrinology
Causes of Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Motility: Diet, IBS-C, Colonic inertia, Pelvic floor disorders,
Causes of Constipation ... • Metabolic: Diabetes ... Hyperparathyroidism, Chronic ... disease, Anal pain (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) in the proximal tubule,
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... Summary Mechanisms ... • Euglycemic diabetic ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Hyperthyroidism • Diabetes ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... • Drug Abuse (e.g ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Water Central Diabetes ... disorders Nephrogenic Diabetes ... cisplatin) - Chronic ... hypercalcemia - Chronic ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Osm <100 mOsm/kg ... Polydipsia • Central Diabetes ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Partial Dl • Chronic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology ... Summary Mechanisms ... side effects (e.g ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Vasopressors and Inotropes - Pharmacology Summary
Vasopressors
Phenylephrine (alpha-1)
 • Increases BP, SVR
 • Risk of reflex bradycardia
and Inotropes - Pharmacology ... Summary Vasopressors ... • Higher doses cause ... cAMP/cGMP • Causes ... #Summary #management
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... Summary Mechanisms ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Stool Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Affected Pelvic Floor 
 - Trauma/Surgery
   • Surgery: Anorectal,
Pelvic Floor - Chronic ... • Age-Related (e.g ... Diabetes, Congenital ... Syndrome • Chronic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes