53 results
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
What?
 • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain
 • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI
 •
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ... cranial nerves Ill, IV ... fissure or orbit (MRI ... #TolosaHunt #neurology ... #diagnosis
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
important, as early diagnosis ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... #neurology #noninflammatory ... #differential #diagnosis
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
- Differential Diagnosis ... with short bowel syndrome ... underexcretion of acids ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Summary Acute AIDP ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... Guillain-Barre Diagnosis ... axonal form • MRI ... #treatment #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Imaging: - MRI ... #AIDS #opportunistic ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... , HIV serology, ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #causes
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis ... (Ramsay-Hunt), HIV ... endemic area) ± HIV ... atypical symptoms): MRI ... Management #Treatment #Neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Responds briskly to IV ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
• Infectious: HIV ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology