21 results
Mechanism of Action for Common Diabetes Medications

 • SGLT2i (Dapagliflozin)
 • TZD (Pioglitazone)
 • Biguanides (Metformin)
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists ... #Medications #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Primary vs Secondary ... Insufficiency - Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... vs Secondary vs ... Comparison: • Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
, and dopamine agonists ... high T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... T3 → Central (secondary ... algorithm #diagnosis #endocrinology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists ... - Pharmacology ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... #Pharmacology # ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists ... Muscarinic Receptor Agonists ... neurogenic) • Urinary ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... #Table
Antiplatelet Medications - Summary Table

Aspirin - Inhibits cyclooxygenase, preventing formation of thromboxane A2
 • Acute coronary
Medications - Summary Table ... Acute stroke • Primary ... and secondary prevention ... Medications #Summary #Table ... #Pharmacology
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... Januvia) - Once/day tablet ... GLP-I receptor agonist ... DPP4 #Inhibitors #Pharmacology ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
GLP-1 Agonists

Adlyxin (Lixisenatide) Daily
Bydureon (Exenatide ER) Weekly 
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Weekly 
Trulicity (Dulaglutide) Weekly 
Victoza (Liraglutide) Daily
GLP-1 Agonists ... Daily GLP-1 Agonists ... They work primarily ... #Pharmacology #Dosing ... Diabetes #DM2 #Endocrinology