12 results
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemia ... Hemolytic Anemia ... , Autoimmune disorder ... #Anemia #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... lymphoproliferative disorders ... disease, Copper and ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #anemia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
- Differential ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... AIHA • Alloimmune ... anemia • ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Viral infection, autoimmune ... anemiaCold ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... younger pts) Differential ... #anemia #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Unstable hemoglobin disorders ... hemolytic anemia ... autoimmune hemolytic ... cold hemoglobinuria ... RBC #Morphology #differential
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Agglutination - Cold ... Consider RBC membrane disorder ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... #Anemia #Differential
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... telomeropathy Cancer ... Inflammatory and ... Autoimmune Diseases ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Leukocytosis, anemia ... > 10 days - Hemoptysis ... foreign body, cancer ... Coli - P. ... Differential Diagnosis
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Immunodeficiency disorder ... Lymphoma or other cancers ... breast cancer ... autoimmune hemolytic ... anemia) • Systemic
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
permanent alopecia Differential ... disease • Non-autoimmune ... rheumatologic diseases ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia ... • Cervical cancer