3547 results
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... hepatocellular aerobic ATP production ... increased lactate production ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... blood cells + production ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis #management
Chemical Eye Injury: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Exogenous chemical to the eye and/or adnexa
 • Ammonia, sodium
EMERGENCY: immediate management ... following initial management ... proteins form a protective ... #opthalmology #pathophysiology
In ARDS, we know that the lungs are so diffusely injured that the remaining total area
providing lung protective ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #management
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
in mesolimbic projection ... in mesocortical projection ... decision-making, language production ... Schizophrenia #pathophysiology
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Expression → ↑ VLDL Production ... Secretion → ↑ LDL Production ... sequestration #pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... - inadequate production ... #dka #hhs #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Increased Cell Production ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... cancer • Ectopic production ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... relative with PBC Pathophysiology ... - Loss of the protective ... Biliary #Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology