56 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... nephrotic syndrome • renal ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypoglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fasting Hypoglycemia:
 • Excess Insulin
 • Medications (e.g. Insulin Secretagogues, ß-Adrenergic Antagonists,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Idiopathic Other Causes ... Hepatic Failure, Renal ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Clinical ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... #Algorithm #Workup
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... Hypothyroidism, adrenal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Algorithm Defining ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Algorithm Urine ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... 500 mOsm/kg) • Hyperglycemia ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Aldosterone-secreting mass • Adrenal ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Algorithm High ... Intake • Chronic Renal ... Production • Renal ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology ... #Causes