52 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , and thiazide-like ... (mimics thiazide ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Loop and thiazide ... diuretics ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Absent: Loop and thiazide ... diuretics, Bartter ... syndrom, Vomiting ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Granulomatous disease • Thiazide ... diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
• Refeeding Syndrome ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide ... Diuretics Decreased ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... losses (especially thiazide ... diuretics) With ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... losses (especially thiazide ... diuretics) With ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... +CI- Symport - Thiazide ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... to longstanding thiamine ... is Korsakoff's syndrome ... #diagnosis #comparison ... #neurology