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Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Algorithm Signs of anemia ... Abnormal peripheral smear ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Normochromic RBCs on Smear ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Spherocytes on Smear ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia vs Normal Peripheral Smear

#Megaloblastic #Anemia #Peripheral #Smear #Comparison #Clinical #Hypersegmented #Neutrophil
Megaloblastic Anemia ... Normal Peripheral Smear ... Megaloblastic #Anemia ... #Peripheral #Smear
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... C3d • Blood smear ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood Smear ... Megaloblastic Anemia ... Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Peripheral #Blood #Smear
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... Chronic disease anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Pathophysiology - Warm vs Cold AIHA
Warm AIHA:
 - 70%; IgG mediated
 -
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... or negative - Smear ... C3 positive - Smear ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia
Dacrocytes (tear drop cells) 
Other poikilocytes resemble a pear or teardrop. The narrow, tapered end
may be
metaplasia, pernicious anemia ... some hemolytic anemias ... BloodSmear #Blood #Smear
Laboratory Testing in Hemolytic Anemia

Intravascular vs Extravascular Hemolysis
Reticulocytes
Unconjugated bilirubin
LDH
Peripheral smear
Haptoglobin
Urine hemosiderin
Urine hemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin

#Hemolytic #Anemia #Laboratory #Testing #workup
Testing in Hemolytic Anemia ... LDH Peripheral smear ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Elliptocyte - 
Note the shape of these appropriately named erythrocytes.
In addition to hereditary elliptocytosis, elliptocytes can
megaloblastic anemia ... myelophthisic anemia ... sideroblastic anemia ... iron deficiency anemia ... BloodSmear #Blood #Smear