432 results
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
-ß hydroxylase deficiency ... -a hydroxylase deficiency ... a renal tubule reabsorptive ... (defective Na reabsorption ... (defective Na reabsorption
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Kidneys: ↑ Ca2+ reabsorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Kidneys: ↑ Ca2+ reabsorption ... , ↓ PO4- reabsorption ... , PO4- reabsorption
Fluid and Water Secretion and Absorption in the GI Tract

#Fluid #water #Secretion #Absorption #reabsorption #GITract #diagnosis
Secretion and Absorption ... water #Secretion #Absorption ... #reabsorption #
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Ttype 2 Overview

HCO3 reabsorptive failure
Lowering of threshold for HCO3 absorption in
Overview HCO3 reabsorptive ... threshold for HCO3 absorption
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption
Folate Deficiency - Causes of Decreased Folic Acid
↓ Intake: Diet, Age, Alcohol
↑ Demand: Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis,
Folate Deficiency ... Severe dermatitis ↓ Absorption ... drkeithsiau #Folate #Deficiency
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
tubule (PCT) - Reabsorption ... Isosmotic reabsorption ... Secretion and reabsorption ... loop - Passive reabsorption ... (TAL) - Active reabsorption
Causes of B12 deficiency. 

This great diagram shows normal absorption and outlines most possible causes. At
Causes of B12 deficiency ... diagram shows normal absorption ... the top is a B12-deficient ... #VitaminB12 #deficiency