25 results
Calcium Homeostasis

Serum Calcium - PTH - Vitamin D Regulation

#Calcium #Homeostasis #Pathophysiology #Autoregulation #VitaminD #PTH #Endocrinology
Serum Calcium ... - PTH - Vitamin ... #Homeostasis #Pathophysiology ... Autoregulation #VitaminD ... #PTH #Endocrinology
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
Calcium homeostasis ... increase serum calcium ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology ... #Calcium #Homeostasis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
, ↑Vitamin D, ↓Phosphate ... , ↓Vitamin D, ↑↓ ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Rachitic Rosary of Rickets on Physical Exam

Bead-like prominences of bone are seen at the costochondral joints.
A lack of calcium ... mineralization causes ... #chest #Ribs #VitaminD ... #deficiency #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Cholecalciferol - Excess Vitamin ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... hypercalcemia Vitamin ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #endocrinology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hyperparathyroidism • Vitamin ... • Acute Volume Expansion ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... - Soft tissue expansion ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
The Chvostek sign (/ˈkvɒstɪk/) is a clinical sign of existing nerve hyperexcitability (tetany) seen in hypocalcemia.It
The Chvostek sign ... is a clinical sign ... hyperventilation, which causes ... with a normal calcium ... Video #Clinical #endocrinology