23 results
Syncope - Findings, Signs and Symptoms by Classification
 - Reflex Syncope 
 - Cardiogenic Syncope
Syncope - Findings ... and Symptoms by Classification ... - Reflex Syncope ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #CriticalCare
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... Reflex Syncope ... bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #Causes
Loss of Consciousness in Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Syncopal causes:
• Orthostatic syncope
• Reflex syncope
• Cardiac arrhythmia
•
Consciousness in Syncope ... causes: • Orthostatic ... syncopeReflex ... syncope • Cardiac ... Nonsyncopal causes
Syncope - Cerebral hypoperfusion leading to transient lsos of consciousness causing alck of postural tone with
Syncope - Cerebral ... Orthostatic (4-24%) • Reflex ... cause (8-20%) ... • Unclear cause ... (17-37%) Non-Syncope
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
frequently benign causes ... such as reflex ... life-threatening causes ... In many cases, syncope ... depends on the cause
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Reflex Syncope:
• Vasovagal: Prolonged standing, Stress, Pain
• Situational: Coughing, Sneezing, Micturition, Defecation,
Syncope - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework Reflex ... Syncope: • Vasovagal ... bradycardia, Sinus pauses ... Cerebrovascular Syncope
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Causes of Hyporeflexia ... Deep coma (any cause ... Hyperreflexia #Testing #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #table
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... lower extremity reflexes ... - decreased rectal ... bulbocavernosus reflex ... wink test - reflex
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Infarction • Stable ... Gastro-Esophageal Reflux ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes ... the bladder and rectum ... - Bladder and rectal