19 results
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Phase I - Initial Repolarization ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Block K+ channels (primarily ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... prolong AV node repolarization ... CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Block K+ channels (primarily ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... Normal, Renin High ... : • Primary hypoaldosteronism ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
chloridorrhea - High-volume ... syndromes • Primary ... dehydrogenase type ... syndrome • Severe potassium ... depletion (serum potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... either secondary or primary ... tubular acidosis (type ... Gitelman's syndrome • Primary ... #potassium
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
obstruction _ pHA type ... I, type II - ... transplant - SLE High ... Renin - Primary ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... losses: • High ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #differential #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Al, Low R - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium