3015 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... excretion/reduced bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
breakdown, TPN, Resolution ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia
The diagnosis of drug-induced thrombocytopenia can be made only by demonstrating resolution of thrombocytopenia once
demonstrating resolution ... #Medications #Causes
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... turnover -> Incr bone resorption ... • Incr Bone resorption ... Skull expansion causes ... middle ear bones causes
Paget's Disease of Bone

 • Characterized by an ↑ rate of bone turnover with both excessive
both excessive resorption ... • Caused by (
Pancreatic Duct Stones on Ultrasound
Dilated pancreatic duct with calculi in pancreatic duct. Helpful tip- If pancreatic
Ductal obstruction caused ... these stones is a cause ... Stone resolution
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption
Phenobarbital monotherapy algorithm for alcohol withdrawal

** EDIT - SEE UPDATED ALGORITHM HERE:
https://www.grepmed.com/images/4060/phenobarbital-monotherapy-withdrawal-management-algorithm-protocol-pulmcrit

-Phenobarbital monotherapy has numerous advantages
achieve clinical resolution ... Alternative causes