19 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Renal failure (acute ... Calcineurin inhibitors IV ... #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Mycoplasma infections, High ... - Antiviral treatment ... herpes virus or HIV ... /AIDS, diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Drug-induced • High ... • Diabetic acidosis ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... • Organic acids ... endocrinology #causes
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
AlgorithmIV ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... Consider Dialysis Serum ... #potassium #high ... #treatment
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department
 • Place on cardiac
KDIGO Treatment ... algorithm for management ... of acute hyperkalemia ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... be treated with IV ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Redistribution: Acidosis ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema ... #potassium #nephrology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Pathophysiology: 2 hit ... without other cause ... : 33% • Treatment ... At least 3 of (Acute ... with pulmonary edema