11 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... K = Hyperkalemic ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... be treated with IV ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... RTARenal hypoperfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... RTARenal hypoperfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
- Renal Failure ... Renin/Aldosterone, RTA ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Appropriate renal ... Release - Increased Serum ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Decreased Na+-K+
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Association class IV ... Prevention of blood ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary
Indications (AIEOU):
 • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
(AIEOU): • A: Acidosis ... , hypercalcemia, ... Overload (pulmonary edema ... chosen to match serum ... RRT #managment #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... narrowing on MRA/CTA ... elevated white blood ... the underlying cause
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
, DIC, hypoTN, renal ... TRALI resembles ARDS ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... RBCs binds to serum ... Extremely rare - HIV