25 results
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion ... FENa Fractional Excretion ... = (Urine Na+ x Serum ... Cr) / (Serum Na ... #Sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Urea/uric acid excretion ... water retention 1) Serum ... Urine Sodium 4) Serum ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Insidious Edema ... casts - Absent Serum ... Onset - Abrupt Edema ... casts - Present Serum ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Fractional excretion ... urine magnesium x serum ... creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Adverse Effects of NSAIDs
Prostaglandins decreased
 - Gastric mucosal damage with ulcer formation, bleeding, and perforation
 -
Nephropathy, decreased excretion ... NaCl and H2O, edemas ... #SideEffects #Pharmacology
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
albuminuria: - Albumin excretion ... ): - Albumin excretion ... ): - Albumin excretion ... proteinuria with edema ... classification #CKD #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Acute pulmonary edema ... Diuretics #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... the nephron by excretion ... -promote water excretion ... #Diuretics #Pharmacology ... #nephrology #conversion
Magnesium Absorption and Pathophysiology 
Magnesium Absorption: 
 • absorbed in the GIT — small intestine, Saturable
tissue, 1% in serum ... red blood cell Excretion ... Mg #transport #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
• Impaired H+ secretion ... pH > 5.5 • Serum ... pH < 5.5 • Serum ... pH > 5.5 • Serum ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology