185 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... Normovolemic hyponatremia ... Mineralocorticoid deficit - Salt-losing ... Diarrhea #Hyponatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... SatyaPatelMD #Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Uric Acid → renal salt ... Rachel Stern MD #Hyponatremia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... corticoid deficiency, Salt-losing ... diuresis, Cerebral salt ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm

CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction
SIADH - Fluid restriction
 - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... restriction - Consider salt ... DrEricStrong #Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... hyperaldosteronism, Salt ... - Normovolemic hypernatremia ... Renal hypovolemic hypernatremia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus Excessive salt ... administration #Hypernatremia
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... losses, Cerebral salt ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... Ingestion Renal Hypernatremia ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... diagnosis #nephrology #hyponatremia