18 results
Diabetes Pathophysiology and Medication Targets

The ominous octet is one concept that summarizes the different pathophysiologic pathways
Diabetes Pathophysiology ... and Medication ... medications and ... #Pathophysiology ... #Drug #Endocrinology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... renal failure • Drugs ... Increased potassium ... • Diabetic Nephropathy ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... Agents Subclass, Drug ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... #Diuretics #Medications ... summary #table #nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
mannitol) 3) Loop diuretic ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... #pharmacology #nephrology ... #medications #sites
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium ... #medications #druginduced
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Correction of diabetic ... osmotic diuresis - Potassium ... renal disease Drugs ... #differential #medications ... #drugs #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
reactions Common Drugs ... • Recent IV potassium ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Drugs II. ... Potassium-sparing ... anti-inflammatory drugs ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
reactions Common Drugs ... • Recent IV potassium ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology