13 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... (late) • High Urine ... #Differential # ... #Causes
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
- Interpretation ... Dehydration • SIADH (syndrome ... Specific #Gravity #Interpretation ... #diagnosis #differential ... #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #urology #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #causes
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Differential #
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Casts • Hyaline ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Urine Color - Differential ... Bag Syndrome - ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... discoloration #Differential