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diagnosis differential physicalexam spinalcord algorithm causes dermatomes motor myotomes sensory spinal syndromes absent acute adies als amyotrophic arm cauda caudaequina
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Syndrome ->Cord ... hyperextension -> Upper extremity ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #orthopedics #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
Diagnosis: • Spinal cord ... spondylitis • Tethered cord ... Examination - bilateral ... extremity weakness ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... result in permanent neurologic ... in deep tendon reflexes ... involved - Bilateral ... (more commonly bilateral
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Motor Function Shoulder: • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary) • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... , T1 (median) Reflexes ... Saturday night palsy ... #UpperLimb #Extremity ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... and Myotomes Reflexes ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... dysfunction, and bilateral ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework Spinal cord neurological lesion: Clinical findings: • Symptoms and signs below
Tract Lesions: • Bilateral ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... , lower extremity ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Bilateral tonic pupils observed in the patient with Ross syndrome. Absence of bilateral pupillary contraction despite
patient with Ross syndrome ... clinical #video #ophthalmology ... #ross #syndrome ... #bilateral #reflex ... #neurology #absent
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 Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex) • Aphasia • Apraxia •
contralateral extremity ... findings Unilateral ... Spinal Cord Lesions ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Adie's Pupil What? Unknown nature & benign • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm); • Light-near dissociaton;
dissociaton; • Usually unilateral ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Diagnosis: • CN Ill Palsy ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... dysfunction to the bilateral ... • Gag reflex ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
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