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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia hypokalemia pharmacology treatment medications high hyponatremia low comparison acute aki classification hypertension hypomagnesemia kidney magnesium workup
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... by excess potassium ... transcellular shifts ... with impaired renal ... and underlying renal
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 Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... failure • Drugs ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
Drugs associated ... Hypokalemia - Shift ... pump inhibitor - Renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Diagnosis and Management ... Drugs (Statins), ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... #Summary #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
reactions Common Drugs ... Intracellular Shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... shift - Acidosis ... drugs - Transfusion ... failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Hyperkalemia #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Drugs II. ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
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