62 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - EKG ... Findings Causes ... Hypercalcemia • Malignancy ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... Systemic disease - Malignancy ... Intra-articulation fracture ... dislocation Malignant ... #causes #differential
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
NONIATROGENIC • Malignancy ... (e.g., metastatic ... OTHER RARE CAUSES ... have to repeat if malignancy ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
EKG in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
The sensitivity and specificity for EKG findings in acute PE are low.
EKG
EKG in Acute Pulmonary ... specificity for EKG ... evaluating for other causes ... Wave in V1 • Shift ... AcutePE #diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Effusion - Differential ... , Melanoma • Malignant ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... #cardiology
Malignant Pericardial Effusion on POCUS Echocardiogram

Which of the following is the most common etiology for this
Effusion on POCUS ... the most common cause ... the most common cause ... #Effusion #POCUS ... Echocardiogram #Cardiology
Clinical Management for Three Common Causes of Shock 
HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK
 • Ensure adequate ventilation and oxygenation.
for Three Common Causes ... for long bone fractures ... Initiate judicious infusion ... of poor organ perfusion ... , and titrate infusion
Orthopedic Splints, Casts, Plasters, Traction and Frames
Upper Limb and Spine 
 • DUNLOP TRACTION: Used in
Orthopedic Splints, Casts ... Used in femur shaft ... Used in femur shaft ... rotational instability e.g ... scoliosis #Splints #Casts
Pediatric Elbow Injuries - Elbow Xrays

Check the fat pads on the lateral projection:
1. A displaced anterior
Not all joint effusions ... associated with fractures ... An effusion often ... central axis of the shaft ... Injuries #Xrays #Radiology
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures ... Endocrinopathy • Malignancy ... • Drugs (e.g. ... #Fragility #Fractures ... #Orthopedics #Causes