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diagnosis management treatment differential algorithm anesthesia anesthesiology causes hypokalemia intraoperative cardiology high medications pharmacology anemia bradycardia cardiac cardiacarrest criticalcare digoxin
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia Consider risk factors for arrhythmia: - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation) - Digoxin
Checklist Approach ... to Hypokalemia ... arrhythmia: - EKG ... clinical context & EKG ... Critical Care #Checklist
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... Pump - Digoxin works ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... , in states of hypokalemia ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
disturbances, shift ... potassium into ... eliminate excess potassium ... reduce dietary potassium ... , changes on ECG
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 Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Emergent Hyperkalemia ... injury, etc) ECG ... cardiac membrane Shift ... treatment Remove potassium ... not quickly) #Hyperkalemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia Management Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
Hyperkalemia Management ... site/line where potassium ... • Order a STAT EKG ... stabilize heart if EKG ... minutes-hour) -Shift
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... Terbutaline 7 µg/kg ... Management #Treatment #potassium
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