85 results
Differential Diagnosis for ST Segment Elevations
 - ACUTE STEMI 
 - PULMONARY EMBOLISM 
 - LBBB
Differential Diagnosis ... BRUGADA SIGN (SYNDROME ... PERICARDITIS - HYPERKALEMIA ... REPOLARIZATION - HYPERCALCEMIA ... ANEURYSM - LVH (HIGH
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #calcium #high
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... calcitriol induced hypercalcemia ... Infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia ... @aishaikh #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... Findings Causes of Hypercalcemia ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Thiazide diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Drugs Causing Hyperkalemia ... Metabolic acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... cantaloupe #hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Drugs Causing Hyperkalemia ... Metabolic acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... images/12834 #hyperkalemia
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... -> Allantoin (High ... Ca-Phos nephropathy (high ... • Hyperkalemia ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Neoplasias (MEN syndromes ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... • Possible ZE syndrome ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Transcellular shifts ... #Differential #