46 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... Chloride OR Calcium ... Gluconate IV Shift ... Consider cause of hyperkalaemia ... recurrence #Hyperkalemia
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... Abnormalities of calcium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... and Treatment ... Stabilization - Calcium ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #ECG
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... uw_IMresidency #Hypercalcemia ... #algorithm #endocrinology ... #calcium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... membrane: • IV Calcium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Shift of extracellular ... potassium and calcium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
4.6 mg/dL • Calcium ... Treatment of TLS ... hydroxide • Hyperkalemia ... - Calcium gluconate ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis