28 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Exercise capacity Diagnosis ... depot iron] Treatment ... #pharmacology # ... pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... causes #potassium #high
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
High Output Heart ... Failure - Pathophysiology ... and Differential Diagnosis ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #cardiology #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... causes #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #diagnosis #management ... #algorithm #treatment
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... : 33% • Treatment ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... : No • Treatment ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script
 • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
and menses • Pathophysiology ... Labs/lmaging: Hypokalemia ... fT4 or high T3 ... • Treatment: Potassium ... Periodic #Paralysis #diagnosis
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... immature blasts and high ... Spontaneous if high ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis