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differential algorithm nephrology management hyperkalemia cardiology low classification hematology table acidosis comparison criticalcare druginduced elevation foamed hypomagnesemia hypomg metabolic neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... nephrology #low #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... potassium intake ... transcellular shifts ... renal function, medication ... dysfunction is common #Diagnosis
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 Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal loss • Medication ... • Bartter's syndrome ... Transcellular shift ... #Algorithm #Causes
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
- Shift from extracellular ... - Insulin (high ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #potassium #low
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced ... • Increased EC shift ... #differential #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
reactions Common Drugs ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
reactions Common Drugs ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium
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