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differential causes hypokalemia hyponatremia management potassium urine workup acute alkalosis chloride classification drugs gitelman hyperkalemia hypernatremia hypomg hypophosphatemia hypotonic injury
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... #algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
Hypokalemia - Shift ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low Kidney Phosphate ... Transcellular Shift ... Hyperparathyroidism, TKI ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Algorithm Unprovoked ... : • Vascular: Stroke ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyponatremia, Hypomagnesemia ... #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... causes: sepsis, meds ... - Strong Medicine ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm GI Losses ... loop/thiazide) • Hypomagnesemia ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
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